Guides: Course Guide ~ ARCH 106 Principles of Archaeology: Ethics unit

National News

The New York Times
The New York Times is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership. Founded in 1851, the paper has won 127 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper. The Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation and 3rd in the U.S.
The Washington Post
The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., with a particular emphasis on national politics and the federal government. It has the largest circulation in the Washington metropolitan area. Its slogan "Democracy Dies in Darkness" began appearing on its masthead in 2017.
The Wall Street Journal
The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City. The Journal, along with its Asian and European editions, is published six days a week by Dow Jones & Company, a division of News Corp.
USA Today
USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. The newspaper has a generally centrist audience.

Local News

Seattle Times (1985-present)
The Seattle Times is a daily newspaper serving Seattle, Washington, United States. It has the largest circulation of any newspaper in the state of Washington and in the Pacific Northwest region.
Seattle Post-Intelligencer (1986-present)
The Seattle Post-Intelligencer is an online newspaper and former print newspaper based in Seattle, Washington, United States.
Tri-City Herald (2006-present)
The Tri-City Herald is a daily newspaper based in Kennewick, Washington. The newspaper serves southeastern Washington, including the three communities of Kennewick, Pasco and Richland.
Yakima Herald-Republic (2008-present)
The Yakima Herald-Republic is a newspaper published in Yakima, Washington, and distributed throughout Yakima, Kittitas and Klickitat counties as well as northwest Benton County. It is Washington state's seventh-largest daily newspaper.
Walla Walla Union-Bulletin (2008-present)
The Walla Walla Union-Bulletin is a newspaper based in Walla Walla, Washington and owned by the Seattle Times Company. It publishes daily except Saturdays.

Native News

Native news sources are much less accessible than other published materials on Kennewick Man. Listed below are links to individual articles, separated by publication

Confederated Umatilla Journal: Each of these links will take you to an entire issue of the paper. Stories on the Ancient One begin on the front page and often continue on a jump page. The CUJ was started in the late 1970s. It was published sporadically through the mid-1980s, then abandoned for several years before it was restarted on a random basis. The paper began publishing monthly again in August of 1994. Its first full-time editor was hired in 1996.

DNA proves Ancient One is Native American (2015)- the article jumps to p. 18, which also contains stories titled Washington Gov. Jay Inslee: Give Kennewick Man back to Tribes and A brief history of the Ancient One.
Ancient One coming home (2016)- Re-published Seattle Times piece
Ancient One finally rests (2017)

Indian Country Today: Indian Country Today is a daily digital news platform that covers the Indigenous world, including American Indians and Alaska Natives. Indian Country Today is the largest news site that covers tribes and Native people throughout the Americas.

DNA Proves Kennewick Man, the Ancient One, Is Native (2015)
Kennewick Man Returns Home (2017)

The Native American Times: formerly a weekly print publication based in Oklahoma, now an online publication. These two pieces, while published for a native audience are written by the Associated Press

Tribes commemorate 20 years since Kennewick Man discovery (2016)
Kennewick Man to return to Native American for reburial (2016)

Native News Online: Native News Online reaches out to all nations. Native News Online is a online American Indian publication that is published six days each week Mon-Sat. Native News Online is a privately held entity that has no direct business allegiances to any particular American Indian tribe, government, or religious organization.

Who "Owns" Your Ancestors' Remains? (2016)- an opinion piece

AM Explorer: Indigenous Newspapers in North America
Coverage: 1828-2016
From historic pressings to contemporary periodicals, explore nearly 200 years of Indigenous print journalism from the US and Canada. With newspapers representing a huge variety in publisher, audience and era, discover how events were reported by and for Indigenous communities.

This resource has been developed with, and has only been made possible by, the permission and contribution of the newspaper publishers and Tribal Councils concerned.

Cultural Institutions

Burke Museum, University of Washington
The FAQ page on Kennewick Man, aka The Ancient One, from the institution that housed the remains until repatriation.
Smithsonian Magazine
Use the well-concealed search feature in the top right corner of the page.
Smithsonian magazine and Smithsonian.com place a Smithsonian lens on the world, looking at the topics and subject matters researched, studied and exhibited by the Smithsonian Institution -- science, history, art, popular culture and innovation -- and chronicling them every day for our diverse readership.

Books

Kennewick Man by Douglas W. Owsley
Call Number: ebook
Publication Date: 2014-09-01
Almost from the day of its accidental discovery along the banks of the Columbia River in Washington State in July 1996, the ancient skeleton of Kennewick Man has garnered significant attention from scientific and Native American communities as well as public media outlets. This volume represents a collaboration among physical and forensic anthropologists, archaeologists, geologists, and geochemists, among others, and presents the results of the scientific study of this remarkable find. Scholars address a range of topics, from basic aspects of osteological analysis to advanced
Skull Wars Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity by David H. Thomas
Call Number: ebook
Publication Date: 2001-01-01
The 1996 discovery, near Kennewick, Washington, of a 9,000-year-old Caucasoid skeleton brought more to the surface than bones. The explosive controversy and resulting lawsuit also raised a far more fundamental question: Who owns history? Many Indians see archeologists as desecrators of tribal rites and traditions; archeologists see their livelihoods and science threatened by the 1990 Federal reparation law, which gives tribes control over remains in their traditional territories.In this new work, Thomas charts the riveting story of this lawsuit, the archeologists’ deteriorating relations with American Indians, and the rise of scientific archaeology. His telling of the tale gains extra credence from his own reputation as a leader in building cooperation between the two sides.
Kennewick Man by Heather Burke (Editor); David Hurst Thomas (Foreword by); Dorothy Lippert (Editor); Claire Smith (Editor); Joe Watkins (Editor); Larry Zimmerman (Editor)
Call Number: E78.W3 K46 2008
Publication Date: 2008-11-15
Kennewick Man, known as the Ancient One to Native Americans, has been the lightning rod for conflict between archaeologists and indigenous peoples in the United States. A decade-long legal case pitted scientists against Native American communities and highlighted the shortcomings of the Native American Graves and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), designed to protect Native remains. In this volume, we hear from the many sides of this issue―archaeologists, tribal leaders, and others―as well as views from the international community. The wider implications of the case and its resolution is explored. Comparisons are made to similar cases in other countries and how they have been handled. Appendixes provide the legal decisions, appeals, and chronology to allow full exploration of this landmark legal struggle.
Ancient Encounters: Kennewick Man and the first Americans by James C. Chatters
Call Number: E78.W3 C417 2001
Publication Date: 2001-06-07
In 1996, two young men found a skeleton along the Columbia River near Kennewick, Washington. "Kennewick Man," as he became known, was brought to forensic anthropologist Jim Chatters, who was astonished when tests revealed the skeleton to be nearly 9,500 years old, one of the oldest intact skeletons ever found in North America -- and one that bore little resemblance to modern Native Americans. So who was Kennewick Man, and where did he come from?
Chatters set off to find out, but his work on the skeleton was soon halted when local Native American groups claimed the skeleton as an ancestor under federal law, and demanded the right to rebury the remains. Agreeing with their claim, the U.S. government seized Kennewick Man and put him into federal storage, where he remains to this day. So began a harsh, politically charged conflict, with scientists, Native Americans, and government agencies fighting to decide the destiny of Kennewick Man.
While this battle raged, Chatters began a quest to understand the lives and origins of Kennewick Man and his contemporaries, a quest that took him across three continents and far back in time to learn the identity of these true First Americans. Ultimately, it led him to a sense of what it really means to be human.
Riddle of the Bones: politics, science, race, and the story of the Kennewick Man Creator by Roger Downey
Call Number: E78.W3 D69 2000
Publication Date: 2000-02-02
From its discovery in the Columbia River three years ago, reporter Roger Downey has chronicled the epic adventures of the skeleton called "Kennewick Man": first as a pretext for a media feeding-frenzy, then as the centerpiece of a legal circus pitting celebrated scientists against Native Americans, the Corps of Engineers, and the Clinton White House, finally, at long last, as an object of rational scientific study.
The saga of Kennewick Man offers abundant opportunity to explore today's rapidly-changing scientific theories about how the Americas first came to be settled, and by whom. But it also casts much light on the deep divisions within the fields of anthropology and archeology concerning the role of politics and race in the pursuit of scientific goals, what constitutes ethical procedure in dealing with ancient human remains and living individuals, and the very purpose and direction of the scientific enterprise itself.
With an easy style that keeps you hooked from beginning to end, Downey describes the major players in this continuing debate and details the controversial scientific, religious, and political arguments surrounding Kennewick Man.

Scholarly Sources

Science
Science, founded by Thomas A. Edison in 1880 and published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), today ranks as the world's largest circulation general science journal. Published 51 times a year, Science is renowned for its highly cited, peer-reviewed research papers, its special strength in life science disciplines, and its award-winning coverage of breaking science news.
Nature
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published in November 1869. It is one of the most recognizable scientific journals in the world, and was ranked the world's most cited scientific journal by the Science Edition of the 2010 Journal Citation Reports, making it one of the world's top academic journals. It is one of the few remaining academic journals that publishes original research across a wide range of scientific fields.
Wicazo Sa Review
Wicazo Sa Review is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the mission of assisting Indigenous peoples of the Americas in taking possession of their own intellectual and creative pursuits. During the past two decades, American Indian Studies has emerged as a central arena in which Indigenous populations in the United States define the cultural, religious, legal, and historical parameters of scholarship and creativity essential to the ongoing process of decolonization and to survival in the modern world. Founded in 1985, Wicazo Sa Review is a journal in support of this particular type of scholarship, providing inquiries into the Indian past and its relationship to the vital present.

Source Evaluation

Consider the following questions when you evaluate a source for use in persuading your readers:

1. Who is the author?

a. What is her or his area of expertise?

b. Institutional or agency or organizational affiliation(s)? If so, what are the stated values and goals of those groups? How might they affect reader perceptions of this author’s work?

c. Where does s/he publish? Online? In journals? In magazines or newspapers? In books published by university presses, organizations, associations, or commercial publishing houses only? In publications produced by a single agency or institute?

Consider the following:

i. Commercial publishing houses like MacMillan, Time/Warner, or Knopf

ii. University presses, like the University of Washington Press

iii. Associations, societies, businesses, industries, services that publish their own periodicals, either for the public or for their own staff .

iv. Governments and non- and intergovernmental bodies, such as the U.S., the Brookings Institute, or the United Nations.

v. Web publishers, which may include anyone with access to a computer network.

d. How does the cited source “fit” into the body of this author’s work?

e. When was this written (is it current enough)? Why was it written (e.g., in response to a specific event)?

2. Are there other perspectives in the literature that disagree with this work? How might that affect your argument? Have you considered addressing/mediating counterclaims?

3. Will this source be treated as credible or persuasive by your readers?

a. Does the author come across as rational/logical or emotional?

b. Do the author’s intentions for the piece (e.g., to inform, explain, educate, advocate, persuade or dissuade, sell a product or service, or serve as a soapbox) align with how you are trying to use the source?

c. Is the way the author has mapped the issues (and intellectual terrain) similar in field and scope to the work you’re trying to do?

d. Does the author exhibit a particular bias? (e.g., commitment to a point of view, acknowledgement of bias, presentation of facts and arguments for only one side of a controversial issue?) Also, where on the continuum of views on this topic does the author fall, and how do you need to account for that when you incorporate the source?

e. Examine the references/bibliography: Does the information appear to be valid and well- researched? (i.e., reasonable assumptions and conclusions, arguments and conclusions supported by evidence, opposing points of view addressed, opinions not disguised as facts, cited sources authoritative?) P.S. these are the benchmarks for your work too!

4. What about the cited source’s argument?

a. Are questions raised but not answered?

b. Is it self-referential rather than based upon a public discourse?

c. Is the argument in the source you’re citing consistent with the point you’re trying to make, or are you exploiting the original source (cherry-picking)?